/235c/ Benedicite, parcite nobis, amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us. Amen.

[1.1]

Fiat nobis secumdum verbum tuum.

Let it be done unto us according to Thy word.

[1.2]

Pater et Filius et Espiritus Santus parcat vobis omnia peccata vestra.

May the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit forgive all your sins."

[1.3]

"Let us adore the Father and Son and Holy Spirit"

[1.4]

iii vegadas.

(Three times.)

[1.5]

Pater noster qui es in ceis, sanctificetur nomen tuum.

Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name.

[1.6] Mt 6.9-13 (+ 1.12-13 doxology)

Adveniat regnum tuum.

Thy kingdom come,

[1.7]

Fiat volumtas tua sicut in celo et in terra.

Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.

[1.8]

Panem nostrum supersubstancialem da nobis hodie.

Give us this day our supersubstantial bread;

[1.9] supersubstantial

Et dimitte nobis debita nostra, sicut et nos dimit[ti]mus debitoribus nostris.

and forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors;

[1.10]

E ne nos inducas im temtationem, sed libera nos a malo.

and lead us not into temptation. But deliver us from evil!

[1.11]

Quoniam tuum est regnum et virtus et gloria in secula.

For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, forever and ever.

[1.12]

Amen.

Amen.

[1.13]

Adhoremus Patrem et Filium et Spiritum Sanctum.

Let us adore the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

[1.14]

iii vegadas.

(Three times.

[1.15]

Gracia domini nostri Iesu Christi sit cum omnibus nobis.

May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.

[1.16]

Benedicite, parcite nobis, amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us.

[1.17]

Fiat nobis secundum verbum tuum.

Let it be done unto us according to Thy word

[1.18]

Pater et Filius et Spiritus Santus parcat vobis omnia peccata vestra. /235d/

May the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit forgive you all your sins.

[1.19]

In principio erat Verbum, et Verbum erat apud Deum, et Deus erat Verbum.

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

[1.20]

Hoc erat in princi[pi]o apud Deum.

The same as in the beginning with God.

[1.21]

Omnia per ipsum facta sunt, et sine ipso factum est nichil.

All things were made by Him, and without Him was made nothing.

[1.22]

nothing = the worthless material world.

Quod factum est in ip[s]o, vita erat, et vita erat lux hominum.

What was made in Him was life, and the life was the light of men.

[1.23]

Et lux in tenebris lucet, et tenebre eam non conprenderumt.

And the light shineth in darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it.

[1.24]

Fuit homo missus a Deo, cui nomen erat Iohannes.

There was a man sent from God, whose name was John.

[1.25]

Hic venit in testimonium, ut testimonium perhiberet de lumine, ut omnes crederet per illum.

This man came for a witness, to give testimony of the light, that all men might believe through him.

[1.26]

Non erat ille lux, sed ut testimonium perhiberet de lumine.

He was "not the light, but was- to give testimony of the light.

[1.27]

Erat lux vera, que illuminat ho[m]nem hominem venientem in hunc mumdum.

That was the true light, which enlighteneth every man that cometh into this world.

[1.28]

In mundo erat, et mundus per ipsum factus est, et mundus eum non cognovit.

He was in the world, and the world was made by Him, and the world knew Him not.

[1.29]

In propria venit, et sui eum non receperut.

He came unto His own, and His own received him not.

[1.30]

Quotquot autem receperumt eum, dedit eis potestatem filios Dei fieri, his qui credumt in nomine eius, qui non ex sanguinibus, neque ex volontate carnis, /236a/ neque ex volontate viri, sed ex Deo nati sunt.

But as many as received Him, He gave them power to be made the sons of God, to them that believe in His name; who are born not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God.

[1.31]

Et Verbum caro factum est, et abitavit in nobis, et vidimus gloriam eius, gloriam quasi unigeniti a Patre plenum gracie et veritatis. .

And the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us; and we saw His glory, the glory as it were of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth.

[1.32]

Iohannes testimonium peribet de ipso, et clamabat dicens: Hic est, quem dixi: Qui pos me venturus est, ante me factus est, qui[a] prior me erat

John beareth witness of Him, and crieth out, saying, "This was He of whom I spoke. He that shall come after me is preferred before me, because He was before me.

[1.33]

Et de plenitudine eius nos omnes accepimus graciam pro gracia.

And of His fullness we all have received, and grace for grace.

[1.34]

Quia lex per Moysen data est, gracia e veritas per Iesum Christum facta est.

For the law was given by Moses; grace and truth came by Jesus Christ."

[1.35]

Nos em vengut denant Deu, e denant vos, e denant l’azordenament de santa Gleisa per recebre servisi, e perdo, e penedensia de tuit li nostri pecat li qual avem fait, ni dig, ni pessatz, ni obratz del nostre naissement entro fin a-/236b/ora; e quirem misericordia a Deu et a vos, que vos preguetz per nos lo Paire sanh de misericordia que nos perdo.

We have come before God and before you and before the order of the Holy Church to receive the Service, pardon and penance for all our sins which we have committed in speech or thought, or effected from our birth to this moment. We ask mercy of God and of you, that you pray for us to the Holy Father of mercy to pardon us

[2.1]

Adorem Deu e manifestem tuit li nostre pecat e las nostras moutas greus ofensios az esgardament del Paire e del Fil e de l’onorat Sant Esperit, e dels onoratz sanhs Avangelis, e dels onoratz sanhs Apostols per la Oracio, e per la fe, e per la salvatio de tuit li dreiturers gloriosses crestias, e dels bonauratz durmentz ancesors, e dels fraires enaviro estant, e denant vos, sanh Senhor, que nos perdonetz tot ço en que nos pequem.

Let us adore God and acknowledge all our sins and our many grave offenses toward the Father, the Son, and the honored Holy Spirit, the honored Holy Gospels, and the honored holy apostles; by prayer and faith and by the salvation of all righteous, glorious Christians, and of blessed ancestors at rest, and of brothers here present, and we do so before Thee, Holy Lord, in order that Thou may forgive us for all wherein we have sinned.

[2.2]

Benedicite, parcite nobis.

Amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us.

Amen.

[2.3]

Quar moutz so les nostres pecatz els quals nos ofendem a minca dia, per nuit e per dia, en paraula, et en obra, e segon cossirer, ab volontat e senes volontat, e plus per la nostra volotat, la qual denant nos aportan les malignes esperitz en las carns que vestem.

For many are our sins wherein we offend every day, night and day, in word, in deed, and by thought, voluntarily and involuntarily, and more by our will which evil spirits arouse in us, in the flesh in which we are clothed.

[2.4]

Benedicite, parcite nobis.

Amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us.

Amen.

[2.5]

Mais aissi cum la santa Paraula de Deu nos essenha, e li sanh a/236c/postol e li nostri frairi esperital nos o anoncian, que nos degitem tot desirer de la carn, e tota lagesa, e fazam la volontat de Deu el perfeit Ben cumplit.

But, whereas the holy word of God teaches us, in the same way that the holy apostles and our spiritual brothers declare unto us, that 'we should put aside every desire of the flesh and every impurity, and that we should do the will of God by accomplishing perfect good,

[2.6]

Mais noi serve[n] [n]ualhos no fazem solament la volontat de Deu enaissi cum se covengra, mais sovendeirament azomplem li desirer de la carn en las curas seglars, si c’als nostres esperitz nozem.

yet we, lax servants, not only do not the will of God as is fitting but more often we fulfill the desires of the flesh and the concerns of the world, thus doing harm to our souls.

[2.7]

Benedicite, parcite nobis.

Amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us.

Amen.

[2.8]

Cum la gent mondana andam, cum lor essems estam, e parlam, e majam, e de moutas causas ofendem, si qu’als nostres fraires et als nostres esperitz nozem.

We go among worldly people, we mingle, talk, and eat with them, and thus we sin in many things so that we harm our brothers and our souls.

[2.9]

Benedicite, parcite nobis.

Amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us.

Amen.

[2.10]

De las nostras lengas cazem em paraulas ossiossas, en vas parlamentz, en ris, en esquers, e malesas, en retrazement de fraires e de serors dels quals nos no em digne de jujar ni de cumdampnar li ofendement dels fraires e de las seros.

With our tongues we fall into idle words, into vain conversations, into laughter, into mockeries and malicious acts, into detraction of brothers and sisters whom we are unworthy to judge, nor are we worthy to condemn their offenses.

[2.11]

Entre·ls crestias estam pecadors.

Among Christians we are sinners.

[2.12]

Benedicite, parcite nobis.

Amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us.

Amen.

[2.13]

Lo servisi que receubem, no·l ga[r]dem aissi cum se covengra, lo /236d/ dejuni ni la Oracio; nostres dias traspassem, nostras oras pervericam; nos estant en la santa Oracio, nostre sen se desvia els desirers carnals, en las curas seglars, si que en aquela ora a penas sabem qual causa ufrem al Paire dels justz.

The Service which we have received we have not kept as we should, neither the fast nor the Prayer. We have transgressed our days, we have betrayed our hours.' While we are at holy prayer our minds turn away to carnal desires, to worldly concerns, wherefore in that hour we scarcely know what thing we offer to the Father of the Just.

[2.14]

Benedicite, parcite nobis.

Amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us.

Amen.

[2.15]

O tu, sant e bo Senhor, totas aquelas causas que a nos endevengro al nostre sen et al nostre cosirer, a tu las manifestam, sanh Senhor, e tota la moutesa dels pecatz pausam en la misericordia de Deu, et en la santa Oracio, et en lo sant Avangeli.

O thou Holy and Good Lord, we confess to Thee all those things which have befallen us, in our senses and in our thought, and all the multitude of our sins we place on the mercy of God and on the Holy Prayer and on the Holy Gospel,

[2.16]

Quar moutz so los nostres pecatz.

for many are our sins.

[2.17]

Benedicite, parcite nobis.

Amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us.

Amen.

[2.18]

O Senhor, juja e cumdapna los vises de la carn.

O Lord, judge and condemn the imperfections of the flesh.

[2.19]

No ajas merce de la carn nada de corumptio, mais ajas merce de l’esperit pausat en carcer.

Have no pity on the flesh, born of corruption, but show mercy to the spirit which is imprisoned.

[2.20]

E aministra a nos dias, e oras, e venias, e dejunis, e Oracios, e presicatios enaissi cum es costuma de bos crestias, que nos no siam jujat ni cumdampnat al dia /237a/ del judici cum li felo.

Direct for us the days, the hours, and the obeisances, the fasts, the prayers, and the preachings, as is the custom of Good Christians, that we be not judged or condemned among felons at the Day of Judgment.

[2.21]

Benedicite, parcite nobis.

Amen.

Bless us; have mercy upon us.

Amen.

[2.22]

Si crezent esta en l’astenencia, e li crestia so acordant que li liuro la Oracio, lavo se las mas.

If a believer is in abstinence and if the Christians are agreed to administer the Prayer to him, let them wash their hands,

[3.1]

E crezent, si n’i a, eissament.

and the believers likewise, if there be any.

[3.2]

E puis la i dels bos homes, aquel que es apres l’ancia, fa‹s›za iii revenencias a l’ancia.

Then let one of the Good Men, he who stands next to the elder (ancia), make three obeisances to the elder.

[3.3]

E puis aparele i desc; e puis autras iii.

Then let him prepare a table, making three obeisances thereafter.

[3.4]

E meta touala sobre·l desc; e puis autras iii.

And let him put a cloth on the table and make three more obeisances.

[3.5]

E meta le Libre sobre la touala.

And let him put the Book on the cloth.

[3.6]

E puis diga: Benedicite, parcite nobis.

Then let him say, Bless us; have mercy upon us.

[3.7]

E puis le crezent fasza so meloier, e prenga le Libre de la ma de l’ancia.

And let the believer make his melioramentum and take the Book from the hand of the elder.

[3.8]

E l’ancia deu lo amonestar e prezicar ab testimonis covinentz.

And the elder should exhort him and preach to him with suitable scriptural verses.

[3.9]

E si·l crezent a nom Peire, diga enaissi: En Peire, vos devetz entendre que can esz denant la Gleisa de Deu, que vos esz denant le Paire e·l Fil e·l Sant Esperit.

And if the believer is named Peter, let him speak to him thus: "Peter, you must understand -that when you are before the Church of God you are in the presence of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

[3.10]

Quar la Gleisa es dita ajustament; et aqui on so li ver crestia, aqui es le Paire e·l Fil e·l Sant Esperit aissi co las devinas Escriupturas o demostran.

For "the Church" signifies a gathering together, and where there are true Christians, there are the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, as the divine Scriptures attest.

[3.11]

Church is a community not a building - cf Greek ecclesia

Quar Crist dix en /237b/ l’Avangeli de sanh Matheu: En qual que loc seran ii o iii ajustat el meu nom, eu so aqui e meg de lor.

For Christ said in the Gospel according to Saint Matthew, "Wheresoever two or three are gathered together in my name there I am in the midst of them"

[3.12] Mt 18.20

Et en l’Avangeli de sanh Joan dix: Si alcus amara mi, la mia paraula gardara, e·l meu Paire amara lui, e venrem a lui et estaja farem ab lui.

And in the Holy Gospel according to Saint John he said, "If a man love me he will keep my words, and my Father will love him, and we will come unto him and make our abode with him"

[3.13] Joh 14.23

E sanh Paul dix en la segonda Pistola als Corintias: Vos esz temples de Deu lo viu aissi co Deus dix per Ysaias: Quar eu estarei en els, et irei e serei Deu de lor, et eli seran pobles de mi.

And Saint Paul says in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, "Ye are the Temple of the Living God, as God hath said by Isaiah, his prophet ; " I dwell in them and walk in them ; and I will be their God and they shall be My people.

[3.14] 2Co 6.16-18

Per la qual causa: Issetz de meg de lor e siatz departit, so ditz lo Senhor.

Wherefore come out from among them and be ye seperate, saith the Lord ;

[3.15]

E la laja causa no tocaretz et eu recebrei vos.

and touch not the unclean thing ;

[3.16]

E serei a vos em paire.

and I will receive you, and will be a Father unto you,

[3.17]

E vos seretz a mi en fils et e filhas, so ditz lo Senhor Deus totz poderos.

and ye shall be My sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty"

[3.18]

Et en l’autre loc dix: O quiretz l’esproament de Crist que parla e mi.

And in another place he says, "Seek ye the proof of Christ Who speaketh in me"

[3.19] 2Co 13.3

Et en la primeire Apistola a Timoteu dix: Aquestas causa[s] escrivi a tu esperantz mi venir a tu viasament, mais si eu me tarzarei, que sapias en qual maneira te covenga coversar en la maiso de Deu, la quals es /237c/ Gleisa del viu Deu, coronda e fermament de veritat.

And in the First Epistle to Timothy he says ,"These things write I unto thee, hoping to come unto thee shortly ; but if I tarry long, that thou mayest know how thou oughtest to behave thyself in the House of God, which is the Church of the Living God, the pillar and ground of the truth."

[3.20] 1Ti 3.14-15

Et el meteis dix als Ebreus: Mais Crist es enaissi coma Fils en la sua maiso, la qual maiso em nos.

And he said also to the Hebrews, "But Christ is a Son over His own house, Whose house we are"

[3.21] Heb 3.6

Quar l’Esperit de Deu sia com li fizel de Jesu Crist, enaissi o demostra Crist en l’Avangeli de sanh Joan: Si mi amatz, li mei comandament gardatz.

That the Spirit of God is with the followers of Jesus Christ, Christ has shown thus in the Gospel according to Saint John; "If ye love me, keep my commandments.

[3.22] Joh 14.15-18

Et eu pregarei lo Paire, et autre Cofortador donara a vos, que estia ab vos en durabletat, Esperit de veritat, lo qual lo mon no pot recebre quar no·l vi ni·l sab; mais vos le conoisseretz, quar ab vos estara et ab vos sera.

And I will pray the Father, and He shall give you another Comforter, that He may abide with you forever; even the Spirit of Truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth Him not, neither knoweth Him; but ye know Him, for He dwelleth with you, and shall be in you.

[3.23]

No vos laissarei orfes; venrei a vos.

I will not leave you comfortless, I will come to you"

[3.24]

Et en l’Avangeli de sanh Mateu dix: Vec vos qu’eu so ab vos per totz dias entro a l’acabament del segle.

And in the Holy Gospel according to Saint Matthew He said, "Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world."

[3.25] Mt 28.20

E sanh Paul dix en la primeira Pistola als Corintias: No sabetz que vos esz temple de Deu lo viu e l’Esperit de Deu esta e vos?

And Saint Paul said in the First Epistle to the Corinthians, "Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you?

[3.26] 1Co 3.16-17
"Temple of God"

Mais si alcus corumpra lo temple de Deu, Deus destrozira lui.

If any man man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy;

[3.27]

Quar lo temple de Deu es sanh, lo qual esz vos.

for the Temple of God is holy, which temple ye are"

[3.28]

Enaissi o demostra Crist en l’Avangeli de sanh Mateu: Quar /237d/ no esz vos que parlatz mais l’Esperit del vostre Paire que parla e vos.

Christ shows it thus in the Holy Gospel according to Saint Matthew, "For it is not ye that speak but the Spirit of your Father that speaketh in you"

[3.29] Mt 10.20

E sanh Joan dix en la Pistola: En aisso sabem quar en lui estam et el e nos quar del seu Esperit dec a nos.

And Saint John says in his epistle, "By this we know that we abide in Him and He in us, for He has given us His Spirit."

[3.30 ] 1 Joh 4.13

E sanh Paul dix als Galatas: Quar esz fil de Deu, Deus trames l’esperit del seu Fil el vostre cor, cridant: Paire, Paire.

And Saint Paul said to the Galatians, "Because ye are [a] son of God, God hath sent forth the spirit of His Son into your heart, crying "Father! Father!" "

[3.31] Galations 4.6
Son of God

Per que es a entendre quar lo vostre presetament, lo qual fes denant les fils de Jesu Crist, coferma la fe e la presicatio de la Gleisa de Deu segon que las devinas Escripturas o donan az entendre.

Wherefore be it understood that your presentation made before the sons of Jesus Christ confirms the faith and teaching of the Church of God as the Holy Scriptures tell us.

[3.32]

Quar lo poble de Deu se departic ancianament del seu Senhor Deu.

For in former times the people of God seperated themselves from the Lord their God.

[3.33]

E departic se del co‹s›selh e de la volontat del seu sanh Paire per lo decebement e per lo sotzmetement dels malignes esperitz.

And they abandoned the will and guidance of their Heavenly Father through the deceptions of the wicked spirits and by submission to their will.

[3.34]

E per aquestas razos, e per moutas d’autras, es donat az entendre quar lo sanh Paire vol mercenejar del seu poble e recebre lui a patz e a la sua concordia per l’aveniment del seu Fil, Jesu Crist.

And for these reasons, and many others, we are certain that the Heavenly Father would have pity on His people and receive them again in peace and concord by the coming of His Son, Jesus Christ, and now is the time.

[3.35]

Don es aquesta l’ocaizo quar esz aici denant los decipols /238a/ de Jesu Crist, el qual loc abita esperitalment lo Paire e·l Fil e·l Sant Esperit, aissi co desus es demostrat, que vos dejatz recebre aicela santa Oracio, la qual donec lo Senhor Jesu Crist a sos decipols, enaissi que las vostras Oracios e las vostras pregueiras sian eissauzidas del nostre sanh Paire.

For you are here before the disciples of Jesus Christ in the place where Father, Son and Holy Ghost have their spiritual abode as is shown above, to receive that Holy Prayer which the Lord Jesus gave to His disciples, so that your prayers might be granted by our Heavenly Father.

[3.36]

Per la qual causa devetz entendre, si aquesta santa Oracio voletz recebre, quar cove vos pentir de totz les vostres pecatz e perdonar a totz homes.

Therefore must you learn that if you would receive this Holy Prayer you must repent your sins and forgive all men.

[3.37]

Quar lo nostre Senhor Jesu Crist dix: Si no perdonaretz als homes li pecat de lor, ni·l vostre Paire celestial no perdonara a vos los vostre pecatz.

For Our Lord Jesus Christ says, "If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Heavenly Father forgive your trespasses."

[3.38] Mt 6.15

De rescaps se cove que perpausetz e vostre cor de gardar aquesta santa Oracio totz les temps de la vostra vida, si Deus donara a vos gracia de recebre ela, segon la costuma de la Gleisa de Deu, ab castetat, et ab veritat, et ab totas bonas autras vertutz las quals Deus volra donar a vos.

Furthermore, it behooves you to resolve in your heart that, if God grants you the grace to receive it, you will keep this holy prayer throughout your whole lifetime, according to the usage of the Church of God, in chastity, in truth, and in all the other good virtues which God shall deign to grant unto you.

[3.39]

Per la qual causa pregam le bo Senhor, lo qual donec vertut de recebre aquesta santa Oracio als decipols de Jesu Crist ab fer-/238b/metat, que el mezeis done a vos gracia de recebre ela ab fermetat, et a onor de lui e de la vostra salvatio.

Wherefore we pray the good Lord, Who granted unto the disciples of Jesus Christ the power to receive this holy prayer with steadfastness, 'that He grant unto you also the grace to receive it with steadfastness steadfastness in His honor and your salvation.

[3.40]

Parcite nobis.

[3.41]

E puis l’ancia diga la Oracio e·l crezentz que la seguia.

The Elder then says the Lord`s Prayer and the postulant follows him phrase by phrase.

[3.42]

E puis diga l’ancia: Aquesta santa Oracio vos liuram que la recepiatz de Deu, e de nos, e de la Gleisa, e que ajatz pozestat de dir ela totz les temps de la vostra vida, de dias e de nuitz, sols et ab cumpanha, e que jamais no mangetz ni bevatz que aquesta Oracio no digatz primeirament.

And then let the elder say: "This holy prayer we deliver unto you, that you may receive it from God, from us, and from the Church, and that you may have the power to say it throughout your whole lifetime, by day and by night, alone and in company, and that you may never eat or drink without first saying this prayer.

[3.43]
The Lord's Prayer is reserved to those to whom it has been "delivered".

E si o faziatz en falha, auria vos obs qu’en portessetz penedensa.

And if you should fail therein, you must do penance therefor.

[3.44]

Et el deu dir: Eu la recebi de Deu, e de vos, e de la Gleisa.

And let the believer say: 'I receive it from God, from you, and from the Church."

[3.45]

E puis fassa so miloirer e reda gracias.

Then let him make his melioramentum and give thanks.

[3.46]

E puis li crestia fasan dobla ab venias, e·l crezent detras els.

And then let the Christians complete a Double with obeisances, and let the believer do the same.

[3.47]

Then the Elder asks the postulant, "My brother, do you desire to give yourself to our faith?"

The postulant being asked three times, and answering "yes" each time, makes a bow and advances one step between each, "Bless me",

to which the Elder replies,"God bless and keep you"

At the third time bowing thus the postulant adds,"Lord, pray to God for me ,a sinner, that He will lead me to the good end"

and the Elder replies,"God bless you and make you a good Christian and bring you to the good end."

Elder: "Do you give yourself to God and the Gospel?

The postulant being asked three times, and answering "Yes" on all, makes a bow and advances one step between each, saying "Bless me," to which the Elder replies, "God bless and keep you."

At the third time bowing thus the postulant adds, "Lord, pray to God for me, a sinner, that He will lead me to the good end," and the Elder replies,"God bless you and make you a good Christian and bring you to the good end."

Elder: "Do you give yourself to God and the Gospel?

Postulant: "Yes"

Elder: "Do you promise that henceforth you will eat neither meat nor eggs, nor cheese, nor fat, and that you live only from water and wood (i.e. vegetables and fish), that you will not lie, that you will not swear, that you will not kill, that you will not abandon your body to any form of luxury, that you will never go alone when it is possible to have a companion, that you will never sleep without breeches and shirt and that you will never abandon your faith for fear of water, fire or any other manner of death?"

Postulant: "Yes"

E si deu esser cossolatz ades, fasa so milhoirer e prega le Libre de la ma de l’ancia.

And if he is to recieve the consolamentum forthwith, let him perform his melioramentum and take the book from the hand of the elder.

[4.1] cossolatz

E l’ancia deu le amonestar e prezicar ab testimonis covinentz et ab aitals paraulas co·s coveno a cossolament.

And let the elder exhort him and preach to him with suitable scriptural verses and in such words as are proper for the consolamentum.

[4.2] cossolament

E diga enaissi: En Peire, voletz recebre lo bab-/238c/ tisme esperital per lo qual es datz Sant Esperit en la Gleisa de Deu, ab la santa Oracio, ab l’empausament de las mas dels bos homes?

Let him speak thus: Peter, you wish to receive the spiritual baptism whereby the Holy Spirit is given in the Church of God with the Holy Prayer by the laying on of hands of the Good Men.

[4.3]

Del qual babtisme dix lo nostre Senhor Jesu Crist en l’Avangeli de sanh Mateu a sos decipols: Anatz et essenhatz totas las gentz, e batejatz les el nom del Paire e del Filh e del Sant Esperit, et essenhatz lor a gardar totas las causas que eu comandei a vos.

Of this Baptism Our Lord Jesus Christ said in the Holy Gospel according to Saint Matthew; "Go ye and teach all nations, baptizing them in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit ; teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you;

[4.4] Mt 28.19-20

E vec vos que eu so com vos per totz dias entro a l’acabament del segle.

and lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world"

[4.5]

Et en l’Avangeli de sanh Marc dix: Anatz en tot lo mon, prezicatz l’avangeli a tota creatura.

And in the Gospel of Saint Mark he said, "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature.

[4.6] Mr 16.15-16

E qui creira e sera batejatz sera sals, mas qui no creira sera cumdampnatz.

He that believeth and is baptised shall be saved, but he that believeth not shall be damned".

[4.7]

Et en l’Avangeli de sanh Joan, dix a Nicodemus: Verament, verament, dic a tu que ja negus no intrara el regne de Deu si no sera renatz d’aiga e de Sant Esperit.

And in the Gospel of Saint John He said to Nicodemus, "Verily, verily I say unto thee, except a man be born of water and the spirit he cannot enter into the Kingdom of God"

[4.8] Joh 3.5

How did they explain the reference to water?

E Joan Babtista parlec d’aquest babtisme can dix: Acertas eu bategi en aiga, mais aicel que es a venir seguentre mi es plus fortz de mi, del qual eu no so dignes deliar lo /238d/ correg de la causamemta de lui.

And John the Baptist spoke of this baptism when he said, "I indeed baptize you with water, but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to loosen ;

[4.9] Joh 1.26-27, Mt 3.11, Lu 3.16

El vos batejara en Sant Esperit et en foc.

he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire".

[4.10]

E Jesu Crist dix es Fait dels Apostols: Quar acertas Joan bategec en aiga, mais vos seretz batejat en Sant Esperit.

And Jesus says in the Acts of the Apostles, "For John indeed baptised with water, but you shall be baptised with the Holy Spirit"

[4.11] Ac 1.5

Aquest sanh babtisme de mas-emposetio fe Jesu Crist segon que retra sanh Luc; e dix que li sei amic le farian, enaissi co retra sanh Marc: Sobre·ls malautes pausaran las mas et auran be.

This gift of the Holy Spirit by the laying on of hands has been instituted by Jesus Christ as Saint Luke tells, and he said that his friends would confer it as Saint Mark says,"They shall lay hands on the sick and they shall recover"

[4.12] Mk 16.18

E Ananias fe aquest babtisme a sanh Paul can fo covertitz.

And Ananias conferred this Baptism on Saint Paul when he was converted.

[4.13]

Et enapres Paul e Barnabas fero lo e moutz lox.

And afterwards Paul and Barnabas administered it in many places

[4.14]

E sanh Peire e sanh Joan fero lo sobre·ls Samaritas, quar aissi o dix sanh Luc el Fait dels Apostols: Cum ague‹s›so auzit li apostols que eran en Yerusalem que Samaria receub la paraula de Deu, trameiro ad els Peire e Joan li qual, co fosso vengut, orero per els que receubesso Sant Esperit.

And Saint Peter and Saint John administered it to the Samaritans, for Saint Luke says thus in the Acts of the Apostles, "Now when the Apostles which were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God they sent unto them Peter and John, who when they were come down, prayed for them that they might receive of the Holy Spirit "

[4.15] Ac 8.14-17

Quar encara en alcu de lor no era vengutz.

for as yet He was fallen upon none of them.

[4.16]

Adoncas pausavan las mas sobr’els, e recebio Sant Esperit.

Then they laid their hands on them and they received the Holy Spirit.

[4.17]

Aquest sanh /239a/ babtisme, per lo qual Sant Esperit es datz, a tengut la Gleisa de Deu dels apostols en sa, et es vengutz de bos homes en bos homes entro aici, e o fara entro la fi del segle.

This Holy Baptism by which the Holy Spirit is given the Church of God has kept from the Apostles until now, and it has come from the Good Men to the Good Men until now and shall do till the end of the world

[4.18]
Apostolic Succession

E devetz entendre que pozestat es dada a la Gleisa de Deu de liar e de desliar, e de perdonar pecatz e de retenir, enaissi co Crist dix en l’Avangeli de sanh Joan: Enaissi cum lo Paire me trames et eu trameti vos.

And you must understand that power is given to the Church of God to bind and to loose, to forgive sins and to retain them, as Christ said in the Gospel of Saint John,"As my Father hath sent me, even so send I you.

[4.19] Joh 20.21-23

Cum agues dithas aquestas causas, espirec e dix ad els: Recebetz Sant Esperit.

And when he had said this he breathed on them and saith unto them "Receive Ye the Holy Ghost" ;

[4.20]

Dels quals perdo[na]retz los pecatz, so perdonatz ad els; e dels quals los retenretz, so re[te]ngut.

whatsoever sins ye remit they are remitted unto them, and whatsoever sins ye regain, they are regained"

[4.21]

Et en l’Avangeli de sanh Mateu, dix a Simon Peire: Eu dic a tu que tu est Peire, e sobre aquest[a] peira eu endeficarei la mia gleisa, e las portas d’ifern no auran forsa encontra lei.

And in the Gospel of Saint Matthew he said to Simon Peter, "I say unto thee that thou art Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.

[4.22] Mt 16.18-19

E a tu donarei las claus del regne dels cels, e qual que causa tu liara[s] sobre terra sera liada els cels; e qual que causa tu desliaras sobre terra sera desliada els cels.

And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven."

[4.23]

Et en autre loc /239b/ dix a sos decipols: Verament dic a vos que qual que causa liaretz sobre terra sera liada els cels; e qual que causa solveretz sobre terra sera souta els cels.

[4.24]

E de rescaps verament dic a vos: Si doi de vos se cosentiran sobre terra de tota causa, qual que causa queran sera faita ad els del meu Paire qui es el cel.

and again "If two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in Heaven.

[4.25]

Quar aqui on so doi o trei ajustat el meu nom, eu so aqui e meg de lor.

For wheresoever two or three are gathered in my name there am I in the midst of them"

[4.26] Mt 18.18-20

Et en autre loc dix: Los malautes sanatz, los mortz resuscitatz, los lebrosses mondatz, los demonis gitatz.

And in another place he said, "Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils"

[4.27] Mt 10.8

Et en l’Avangeli de sanh Joan dix: Qui cre e mi, las obras que eu fas, fara.

And in the Gospel of Saint John he said, "He that believeth on me, the works that I do he shall do also"

[4.28] Joh 14.12

Et en l’Avangeli de sanh Marc dix: Mais aquels que creiran, aquestas signas los segran: El meu nom gitaran demonis; et ab lengas novas parlaran; e serpentz ostaran; e si beuran alcuna causa mortal, no nozera ad els; sobre·ls malautes pausaran las mas, et auran be.

and in the Gospel of Saint Mark he said, "These signs shall follow them that believe ; in my name shall they cast out devils, they shall speak with new tongues, they shall take up serpents, and if they drink any deadly thing it shall not hurt them, they shall lay hands on the sick and they shall recover"

[4.29]

Mr 16.17-18

Et en l’Avangeli de sanh Luc dix: Vec vos que eu dei a vos poder caucigar sobre·ls serpetz, et /239c/ els escorpios, e sobre tot le poder de l’enemic; e re a vos no nozera.

And in the Gospel of Saint Luke he said "Behold I give unto you power to tread on serpents and scorpions and over all the power of the enemy and nothing shall by any means hurt you."

[4.30]

Lu 10.19

E si aquest poder ni aquesta pozestat voletz recebre, cove vos tenir totz los comandamentz de Crist e del Novel Testament a vostre poder.

And if you wish to receive this power you must keep all the commandments of Christ and the New Testament according to your ability.

[4.31]

E sapiatz que el a comandat que hom no avoutre, ni ausisa, ni memta, ni jure negu sagrament, ni pane, ni raube, ni faza az autre so que no vol que sia fait a ssi, e que hom perdone qui li fa mal, e que hom ame sei enemic, e que hom ore e benezisca als encausadors et als acusadors de si.

And know that He has commanded that man shall not commit adultery or murder or lie, that he must not swear any oath, that he shall not seize or rob, nor do to others what he would not have done to himself, that man must forgive whoever wrongs him and love his enemies, pray for his detractors and accusers and bless them;

[4.32]

E qui·l ferra e la una gauta, que li pare l’autra, e qui li tolra la gonela, que li laisse lo mantel; e que hom no juge ni cumdampne; e moutz d’autres comandamentz que so comandat del Senhor a la sua Gleisa.

and if anyone strike him on one cheek, turn to him the other also, and if anyone takes away his cloak, to leave him his coat also ; and that he should neither judge nor condemn, and many other commandments which the Lord made for His Church.

[4.33]

Et eissament, vos cove que aziretz aquest mon e las suas obras, e las causas que de lui so.

Also you must hate this world and its works and the things of the world,

[4.34]

Quar sanh Joan dix en la Pistola: O mout cari, no volhatz amar lo mon ni aicelas causas que so el mon.

for Saint John says in his epistle , "O my beloved, love not the world, neither the things that are in the world.

[4.35] 1 Joh 2.15-17

Si alcus ama lo mon, la caritat del Paire no es en lui.

If any man love the world the love of the Father is not in him.

[4.36]

Quar tot aco que /239d/ es el mon es cobezesa de carn, e cobezesa d’uls, et ergulh de vida, la qual no es del Paire, mais del mon es.

For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the pride of life, is not of the Father but is of the world.

[4.37]

E·l mons traspassara, e la cobezesa de lui, mais qui fa la volontat de Deu esta en durabletat.

And the world passeth away and the lust thereof, but he that doeth the will of God abideth for ever"

[4.38]

E Crist dix a las gentz: Lo mon no pot azira vos, mais mi azira quar eu porti testimoni de lui que las obras de lui so malas.

And Christ said unto the Gentiles, "The world cannot hate you, but me it hates because I bear witness of it that its works are evil"

[4.39]

Joh 7.7

Et el libre de Salamo es escriut: Eu vi totas aquelas causas que so faitas jos le solelh; e vec vos que totas so vanetatz e turmentz d’esperit.

And in the Book of Solomon, it is written, "I have seen all the works that are done under the sun, and behold, all is vanity and vexation of Spirit"

[4.40]

Ec 1.14

Old Testament!

E Judas Ja[cme] dix, essenhatz nos en la Pistola: Aziratz aicela gonela solada la quals es carnals.

And Jude the brother of James said for our instruction in his Epistle, "Hate the solid garment of flesh"

[σῴζετε ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες, οὓς δὲ ἐλεᾶτε ἐν φόβῳ, μισοῦντες καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα (SBL Greek New Testament 2010)]

[4.41] Jude 1:23
The Cathar translation of the Greek makes much more sense than modern biblical translations (which are often nonsensical)

E per aquestz testimonis e per moutz d’autres vos cove a tenir li comandament de Deu et azira aquest mon.

And by these witnesses and any others you must keep the commandments of God and hate the world.

[4.42]

E si be o faitz entro a la fi, avem esperansa que la vostra arma aja vida durabla.

And if you continue well to the end, we have the hope that your soul shall have life eternal.

[4.43]

Et el diga: Enaissi ei volontat.

And the Credent shall say, "I have this will,

[4.44]

Pregatz Deu per mi que m’en do la sua forsa. .

pray to God for me that He will give me His power"

[4.45]

E puis la i dels bos homes fasa so miloirer ab le crezentz /240a/ a l’ancia, e diga: Parcite nobis.

Melioramentum

Parcite Nobis.

[4.46]

Bo crestia, nos vos pregam per amor de Deu que donetz d’aquel Be que Deus vos a dat ad aquest nostre amic.

Good Christians we pray you by the love of God that you grant this blessing, which God had given you, to our friend here present."

[4.47]

E puis le crezent fasa so miloirer, e diga: Parcite nobis.

Credent, after making his melioramentum: "Parcite Nobis.

[4.48]

De totz les pecatz qu’eu anc fi, ni parlei, ni cossirei, ni obrei, venc a perdo a Deu, et a la Gleisa, et a totz vos.

For all the sins I have ever done in thought, word and deed. I ask pardon of God, of the Church, and of you all."

[4.49]

E li crestia digan: De Deu, e de nos, e de la Gleisa vos sian perdonat; e nos preguem Deu que l‹e›s vos perdo

Assembly of Cathars and Witnesses:"By God and by us and by the Church, may your sins be forgiven and we pray God to forgive you them"

[4.50]

E puis devo lo cossolar.

Then followed the act of consoling.

[4.51]

E l’ancia prenga lo Libre e meta le·i sus lo cap, e li autri boni homi, cascu la ma destra.

Let the Elder take the Book and placed it on the postulant's head. Other Good Men present placed their right hands on the postulant's head

[4.52]

E digan las parcias e iii adoremus, e puis: Pater sante, suciper servum tuum in tua iusticia et mite graciam tuam e Spiritum Santum tuum super eum.

They then said the pardon [parcias] and the Adoremus, three times

Adoremus, Patrem, et Filium et Spiritum Sanctam.
"Let us adore the Father and Son and Holy Spirit",

and then pray: "Holy Father, welcome thy servant in thy justice and send upon him thy grace and thy Holy Spirit."

[4.53]

E pregon Deu ab la Oracio, et aquel que guisa lo menester deu ecelar a la vi, e can la vi sera dita, deu dire iii adoremus e la Oracio una vetz en auzida, e puis l’Avangeli.

And let them pray to God with the [Lord's] Prayer once in full voice, and then the [John] Gospel, and let him that conducts the service say the Six [sezena] in a low voice. When the Six is finished, let him say the adoremus three times, the Prayer once in full voice, and then the Gospel [John 1:1-17].

[4.54]

This was the most solemn part of the rite, for the postulant was now a Parfait.

sezena = six repetitions of the Lord's Prayer

The rite does not say that the new Parfait was girt with a sacred thread round the torso or clad in a black robe.

E can l’Avangeli es ditz, devo dire iii adoremus, e la gracia, /240b/ e las parcias.

And when the Gospel has been read, let them say the adoremous three times, the Grace and the Pardon.

[4.55]

E puis devo far patz entre lor et ab lo Libre.

And then they should perform the Act of Peace with each other and the Book.

[4.56]

E si crezentz i a, fasan patz atressi.

And if there are Believers present, let them perform the act of Peace as well.

[4.57] Believers = ie unbaptised Cathars

E crezentas si n’i a, fasan patz ab lo Libre et entre lor.

And If there are women Believers present let them perform the Act of Peace with the Book and with each other.

[4.58]

E puis pregon Deu ab dobla et ab venias.

And then let them [all] pray to God with a Double, with obeisances.

[4.59]

dobla = 16 repetitions of the Lord's prayer, to conclude an important ceremony

Et auran liurat.

And thus they will have administered [the Consolamentum]

[4.60]

Mesagaria de tenir dobla ni de dire la Oracio no deu esser portada per home seglal.

[5.1]

Si crestiani van en loc de regart, p[re]gon Deu ab gracia.

[5.2]

E si degus cavalga, tenga dobla.

[5.3]

E deu dire la Oracio az intrant de nau o de villa, o a passant de planca o de pont regardos.

[5.4]

E si atroba[n] home ab cui les covenga parlar mentre pregan Deu, e si an viii Oracio[s], pod n’esser pres per sembla.

[5.5]

E si n’an xvi Oracios, pod n’esser pres per dobla.

[5.6]

E si troban aver en cami, no lo toco si no sabian que·l poguesso redre.

[5.7]

E si ades vezo que homes ne fosso passat denant a qui poguess esser redut, prezesso le e redesso le si podian.

[5.8]

E si no podian, t[or]nesso le en aquel loc.

[5.9]

E si trobavan bestia o auzel presa o pres no [...] /240c/ s’en metan en als.

[5.10]

E si crestias vol beure dementre es dias, aja pregat Deu doas vegadas, o mas apres manjar.

[5.11]

E si apres la dobla de la nuit bevian, fasan autra dobla.

[5.12]

E s’i a crezentz, estian de pes quan diran la Oracio per beure.

[5.13]

E si crestias prega Deu ab crestianas, guize la Oracio tota ora.

[5.14]

E si cresentz a qui fos lilrada la Oracio era ab crestianas, an s’en az autra part e fassa per si meteiss.

[5.15]

Si crestias als quals le menester de la Gleisa es comandatz an message de crezentz malaute, anar i devo, e devo li demandar en cosselh co s’es menatz vais la Gleisa depuis que receup la fe, ni si es de re endeutatz vas la Gleisa ni encolpatz.

[6.1]

E si deu lunha re e o pod pagar, far o deu.

[6.2]

E si far no o vol, no deu esser receubutz.

[6.3]

Quar qui prega Deu per home torturer ni per deslial, no pod profeitar aquela pregeira.

[6.4]

Empero /240d/ si pagar no o pod, no deu esser sofanatz.

[6.5]

E li crestiani devo li mostrar l’astenenza e las costumas de la Gleisa.

[6.6]

E puis devo li demandar si era receubutz si a cor que o tenges.

[6.7]

E no o deu autrejar si be no s’o sentia fermament.

[6.8]

Quar sanh Joan dix que la partida dels messorguers sera en estanh de foc e de solfer.

[6.9] Ap 21.8

E si ditz que be·s sent ferms que tot o pusca sofrir, e si li crestiani so acordantz que·l recepian, l’astenesa li devo cargar en aital guisa que·l demando si a cor que·s garde de mentir, e de jurar, e dels autres devetz de Deu, e de tenir las costumas de la Gleisa e·ls mandamentz de Deu, e de tenir so cor e so aver aital co ara l’a ni per azenant l’aura en azaut de Deu et de la Gleisa e a servizi de crestias e de crestianas tot temps mais a so poder.

[6.10]

E si ditz que o, eli devo respondrer: Aquesta abestenesia vos cargam que la recepiatz de Deu, e de nos, e de la Gleisa, e que la gardetz /241a/ aitant cant viuretz, que si be la gardatz ab las autras que avetz a far, avem esperraza que la vostra arma n’aja vida [durabla].

[6.11]

E el deu dire: Eu la recebi de Deu, e de vos, e de la Gleisa.

[6.12]

E puis devo li demandar si vol recebre la Oracio, e si ditz que o, vescan le de camisa e de bragas si far se pod.

[6.13]

E fassan le estar e sezentz si pod lavar las mas.

[6.14]

E metan touala o autre drap denant lui sus le leit.

[6.15]

E sus aquel drap metan le Libre, e digan una vetz Benadisite, e iii vetz Adoremus Patrem et Filium e Spiritum Santum.

[6.16]

E deu pendre le Libre de la ma de l’ansia.

[6.17]

E puis si esperar o pod, aquel que guiza·l menester le deu amonestar e prezicar ab testimonis covinentz.

[6.18]

E puis deu li demandar de la covenesa si l’a en cor a gardar ni a tenir aissi co a covengut.

[6.19]

E si ditz que o, fasan la li refermar.

[6.20]

E puis devo li passar la Oracio, et el que la sega.

[6.21]

E puis, que l’ancia li diga: Aisso es la /241b/ Oracio que Jesu Crist aportec en aquest mon; e la ensenec als bos homes.

[6.22]

E que jamais no manjetz ni no bevatz luna causa que aquesta Oracio no digatz primerament.

[6.23]

E si o faziatz a menespec, auria vos obs qu’en portesetz penedensa.

[6.24]

El deu dire: Eu la recebi de Deu, e de vos, e de la Gleisa.

[6.25]

E puis pregan comiatz aissi coma femna.

[6.26]

E puis devo pregar Deu ab dobla et ab venias.

[6.27]

E puis devo tornar le Libre denant lui.

[6.28]

E puis deu dire iii vetz Adoremus Patrem es Filium e Spiritum Santum.

[6.29]

E puis prenga le Libre de la ma de l’Ansia, e l’ancias deu le amonestar ab testimonis et ab aitals paraulas co·s coveno a cosolament.

[6.30]

E puis deu li demandar si a en cor a tenir e a gardar la covenessa aissi co o covenc. [6.32] E que la li fassa refermar.

[6.31]

puis l’ancias deu pendre le Libre, e·l malaute deu se clinar e dire: Parcite nobis.

[E 6.33]

De totz les pecatz [que anc fi] ni parlei ni cosirei, venc /241c/ a perdo a Deu, e a la Gleisa, et a totz vos.

[6.34]

E li crestiani devo dire: De Deu, e de nos, e de la Gleisa vos sian perdonatz; e nos preguem Deu que les vos perdo.

[6.35]

E puis devo le cosolar enaissi que las mas e·l Libre li devo pausar sus le cap e dire: Benedicite, parcite nobis, amen.

[6.36]

Fiat nobis secodum verbum tuum. [6.38] Pater et Filius e Spiritus Santus parcat vobis omnia peccata vestra.

[6.37]

Adoremus Paterem es Filium e Spiritum Santum: iii vetz.

[6.39]

E puis: Pater santer, suciper servum tuum in tua iusticia, es mite graciam tuam e Spiritum Santum tuum super eum.

[6.40]

E si es femna devo dire: Pater sante, suciper ancillam tuam in tua iusticia, e mitte grasiam tuam e Spiritum Santum tuum super eam.

[6.41]

E puis, que pregon Deu ab la Oracio; e devo ecelar a la vi.

[6.42]

E quan la sezena sera dita, devo dire iii vetz Adoremus Paterem es Filium e Spiritum Santum, e la Oracio una vetz en auzida, e puis l’Avangeli.

[6.43]

[6.44] E quan /241d/ es ditz, devo dire iii vetz Adoremus Patrem es Filium e Spiritum Santum, e la Oracio una vetz en auzida.

E puis pregan comiatz coma home.

[6.45]

E puis devo far patz entre lor e ab le Libre.

[6.46]

E si crezentz ni crezentas i a, fassan patz.

[6.47]

E puis li crestiani devo demandar las salutz e redre.

[6.48]

E si·l malaute fenis ni lor laissa ni lor dona alcuna causa, no o devo tenir per lor ni amparar, mais que o devo pausar e la volumtat de l’Orde.

[6.49]

Empero si·l malaute viu, li crestiani lo devo presentar a l’Orde e pregar que·s recosole al pus tot que puscan.

[6.50]

E el fassa ne sa volumtat.

[6.51]

GUIDED TOURS OF CATHAR CASTLES OF THE LANGUEDOC

You can join small exclusive guided tours of Cathar Castles
led by an English speaking expert on the Cathars
who lives in the Languedoc
(author of www.cathar.info and www.catharcastles.info )

Selected Cathar Castles. Accommodation provided. Transport Provided.

Cathar Origins, History, Theology.
The Crusade, The Inquisition, and Consequences

Click here to visit the Cathar Country Website for more information

If you want to cite this website in a book or academic paper, you will need the following information:

Author: James McDonald MA, MSc.
Title: Cathars and Cathar Beliefs in the Languedoc
url: https://www.cathar.info
Date last modified: 8 February 2017

If you want to link to this site please see How to link to www.cathar.info

For media enquiries please e-mail james@cathar.info